Value investing involves strategically purchasing assets or investments at prices below their intrinsic value. Instead of relying on complex definitions or abstract financial theories, value investing boils down to a straightforward principle: buying something for less than its true worth.
To illustrate this concept, consider the scenario of a store, such as a clothing outlet, undergoing liquidation. During this process, merchandise is often sold at significantly reduced prices. Value investors recognize the opportunity in such situations, as they can acquire items at a favorable cost compared to their regular market value. This principle extends beyond retail scenarios to encompass investments in companies.
Similar to a store in liquidation, there are instances when a company is facing financial distress or undergoing a phase that can be likened to “liquidation” mode. This might be due to factors such as economic downturns, poor management decisions, or industry challenges. In these situations, value investing is a strategic approach to evaluate and capitalize on undervalued opportunities.
Value investors analyze companies experiencing temporary difficulties or market mispricing, allowing them to identify potential bargains that other investors may overlook. By delving into a company’s fundamentals and examining its assets, earnings, and growth potential, value investors aim to uncover discrepancies between the market price and the investment’s intrinsic value.
Value investors gain a distinct advantage through this careful study and understanding of a company’s true worth. While the broader market may be influenced by short-term fluctuations or sentiment, value investing remains rooted in the long-term perspective of identifying and acquiring assets at prices below their intrinsic value, ultimately seeking to benefit from their potential appreciation over time.
Is Value Investing a Fad?
Here is a humble opinion on value investing, and I will also point out what is and what is not. For those who do not know this investment flow, I will start from the beginning:
Value investing was developed as such by Benjamin Graham in the 1928 environment. Its investment philosophy is to buy assets for less than they are worth (intrinsic value) to generate a profit in the subsequent sale.
As you can see, nothing from the other world, buy cheap and sell at its price or more expensive. Sure, before Graham thought about it and carried it out, but Graham was the one who created the school.
Then came other mythical investors such as Warren Buffet, Peter Lynch, Carl Icahn, Seth Klarman, and Jeremy Grantham. It is fashionable because, in an increasingly efficient market, the way to excel is by finding inefficiencies such as those exploited by value investing.
Today, managers are doing things very well by following this philosophy. Therefore, the term and its followers have become popular, but we will study it to avoid mistakes.
Are There Different Types of Value?
Value investing is evolving. People like to make distinctions, although we discuss the same thing.
These subtypes are:
- GARP (growth at a reasonable price). We could not consider these companies cheaply concerning the market average, but this is because their development is much higher than the average of companies. For this reason, they do not list multiples such as PER and EV / EBIT, which are as low as those of other value companies.
- Deep value investing. It is value investing using elements of the “old school” balance. It is about finding companies looking at the balance. They usually hide jewels that are typically true treasures. For example, the NCAV, Graham & Dodd liquidation value, P / Net cash, and modifications of both.
What is Not Value Investing?
Value investing is NOT buying “apparently” good companies and keeping them forever. As much as they are called Coca-Cola, Santander, or Iberdrola, they are large and good companies because they have worked for years. Buying and maintaining them is not value investing. It will be a buy-and-hold or buy-and-hold strategy, but not value investing. See this continuously.
Investors who invest in Telephone or BBVA for dividends deceive themselves by telling themselves and others that they have made a “Valiu” investment when, in the best case, they will long-term aspire to approach inflation.
How Do You Learn About Value Investing?
There are valuation methods. Suppose you want to learn to detect sound and priced companies to enter the world of value investing. In that case, I leave you the link to the most recommended article in my blog on performing a “Fundamental Analysis for Rookies.” A common mistake is to use the same valuation method for all companies.
Each company is different and is in a different cycle (growing, already mature, expanding). Therefore, the considerations we need to know about each company are additional, and we will weigh variables more than others.
The differences are the most complicated part. Although there is a more rational and logical part, I explain myself. Once we understand the analytical role better or worse, we must see if our assumption is crazy.
Conclusion
As we explore value investing, this article aims to demystify its principles, dispel common misconceptions, and equip readers with the tools to discern true value. In a world where financial landscapes evolve, value investing remains a stalwart philosophy that transcends market trends, offering astute investors a timeless advantage.
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